Seaweed: the allies fighting against breast cancer

What if one of the secrets against breast cancer was in the ocean? Seaweed, often seen as just part of the marine landscape, is proving to be a real ally in the fight against this disease. In a review article recently published in the journal Chemistry & Biodiversity, it is highlighted that bioactive compounds extracted from seaweed can play a key role in the fight against breast cancer. The article highlights several studies in which it is also shown that these natural compounds have promising anti-cancer properties that can complement conventional treatments.

Among the most promising components of algae are polysaccharides (molecules that store energy and perform structural functions in cells), polyphenols (natural antioxidants with protective properties), and carotenoids (pigments with antioxidant action). These compounds play a crucial role in cell protection and can help stop the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells.

Fucoidans (a polysaccharide), for example, found mainly in brown algae, have already shown a remarkable ability to induce apoptosis – the natural process of cell death – in malignant cells. In addition, studies indicate that they can inhibit the formation of new blood vessels, reducing the supply of essential nutrients to tumors and thus hindering their growth.

But algae don’t stop there. Laminarins, another type of polysaccharide, have antiproliferative effects, capable of halting the uncontrolled multiplication of cancer cells and helping to limit the spread of cancer. Florotannins (a phenolic compound) have a powerful antioxidant action, protecting healthy cells against damage caused by oxidative stress. Among the carotenoids, fucoxanthin, for example, has been shown to inhibit the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Combined, these molecules represent a promising natural approach to complement conventional treatments.

Although there are still challenges in the clinical application of these compounds, such as their bioavailability and the definition of effective doses, the advances in research are encouraging. Enthusiasm is growing as it becomes clear that the ocean could be an untapped reservoir of adjuvant solutions for breast cancer therapies.

The full review article can be read at Chemistry & Biodiversity.